Who developed a bio psychosocial model of development, outlining six stages from baby/childhood to old age?

• A. Kubler Ross
• B. Robert Havighurst
• C. Activity Theory
• D. Primary aging

Answer: (B)

This question tests recognition of who mapped out development across the whole life span with distinct stages and the tasks associated with each stage. Robert Havighurst developed a theory of developmental tasks, outlining six life stages from infancy through later adulthood, and identifying the specific tasks people should master at each stage to function well socially and personally.

In Havighurst’s view, each stage presents biologically based changes, psychological growth, and social expectations that together shape the tasks to be learned. The six stages span from babyhood and early childhood, through middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, and later maturity. The emphasis is on what individuals are expected to do at each point and how successfully meeting those tasks leads to a sense of completeness and social competence, reflecting a biopsychosocial blend of influences.

The other options don’t fit this pattern: one refers to stages of grief, not lifelong development; another focuses on aging and social activity in later life; and the last describes the biological aging process rather than a six-stage lifespan framework.